塌陷矿区生态修复规划研究——以安徽省宿州市蕲县镇白陈村为例

长期过量的煤炭开采使得宿州市蕲县镇地表大面积整块塌陷,减小了当地农民的耕作范围,使地区社会经济的发展受到阻碍,并且对矿区周边的生态环境造成了破坏性的影响。结合蕲县镇白陈村采煤塌陷地块,从生态景观规划的角度出发,探讨怎样结合塌陷矿区各方面的实地现状进行合理规划,以期实现较好的生态效益、经济效益与社会效益。     

湘西北松乳菇的分布及生态研究

该文详细地报道了湘西北松乳菇的分布、发生期及生态环境及其研究结果。     

环境对玉米杂交种品质性状的影响研究

以河南省生产上主要推广的15个玉米品种为材料,采用近红外光谱技术,分析了在8个不同生态环境下粗蛋白、粗淀粉、粗脂肪和赖氨酸4个玉米品质性状。结果表明:各性状在品种间、地点间和品种与地点互作间的差异均达到极显著水平。在15个品种中,HE-1、HE-2、豫单2001和豫单2002粗蛋白含量高于11%以上,赖氨酸含量高于0.35%,可作为高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质饲用专用玉米品种;郑单958、浚单20、洛玉1号和郑单18粗淀粉含量在72%以上,可将作为高淀粉工业加工专用玉米品种;HE-1、HE-2的粗脂肪含量在7.5%以上,可将它们作为高油工业加工和优质饲用专用玉米品种。驻马店、郑州和洛阳适宜高蛋白、高赖氨酸优质饲用专用玉米品种的种植;商丘、安阳和周口适宜高淀粉工业加工专用玉米品种的种植;商丘、新乡和郑州适宜高油专用玉米品种的种植。     

生态茶园基地建设中的能源循环模式

本文介绍了福州市连江县长龙华侨农场芦山工区的农业生产概况;详细阐明了如何根据该工区的立地条件和生产现状建设能源循环模式;并且分析了该能源循环模式的生态、经济效益,得出应用该能源循环模式,能够完善物质转化和能量循环系统,既保护森林资源,净化环境,又使茶、鱼增产增收,降低生产成本,取得了明显的生态、经济效益.     

Systems approaches for the design of sustainable agro-ecosystems

The complexity of agricultural systems and the need to fulfil multiple objectives in sustainable agro-ecosystems call for interdisciplinary analyzes and input from a wide variety of disciplines in order to better understand the complete agronomic production system. Systems approaches have been developed to support these interdisciplinary studies; their development and use have increased strongly in the past decades. Agronomic systems have pronounced spatial and temporal dimensions. Spatial aspects can be distinguished at crop, field, farm, regional and higher levels while processes at each spatial level have characteristic temporal components. Systems analysis in agronomic systems implies the use of various types of knowledge, such as expert knowledge including stakeholder expertise and knowledge derived from scientific measurements and model-simulations. The latter two can be derived from different types of studies: simple, rapid and cheap procedures, which are often relatively unreliable, at one end of the scale and complex, cumbersome and expensive data-intensive procedures at the other end. Selection of proper procedures for specific issues, both in terms of measurements and in applying simulation models, needs attention. Each problem requires its own research approach. Based on the output requirements and data availability, the proper systems approach has to be selected. Examples of these different procedures are given in this paper. Considering the type of problems to be studied in agronomic systems, different procedures can be followed to address the issues raised at a specific scale. These procedures start with a proper analysis of the system followed by studies that are projectory, exploratory, predictive, or are focused on decision support. Examples will be provided. Increasingly, systems approaches include stakeholders to fine-tune problem definition, the research itself, and the implementation of results. Stakeholders are farmers and citizens on farm and community levels and policy makers and planners at higher levels of aggregation. A comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of agricultural production systems is seen as a necessary condition for the development of innovative, sustainable systems for the future. Systems for improving crop production systems are presented in this paper as well as applications of systems approaches at the farm and regional levels with emphasis on selecting the right approach.     

Laboratory experiments on nematodes from natural CO2 springs reveal species-specific tolerance to extreme CO2 concentrations

This study focuses on the CO₂-tolerance of soil nematodes from natural CO₂ springs (mofette fields). In laboratory experiments, we compared survival, reproduction, activity and reactivation of a CO₂-sensitive species with a CO₂-tolerant species. Both species survived even 100% CO₂, but in an inactive state. The higher the CO₂ concentration the more individuals entered inactivity. We found significant differences between the two species: more adults of the CO₂-tolerant species maintained activity and reproduction at higher CO₂ concentrations. Moreover, reactivation after inactivity was faster. Together with a higher juvenile mortality of the CO₂-sensitive species, these interspecific differences are conclusive to explain the niche separation of the two species that was observed in the mofette field.     

基于生态保障的农村公路施工网络编制与优化

从农村公路建设对生态环境的主要影响出发，提出了基于生态保障的农村公路施工网络的编制方法，并利用多目标的数学模型对其进行了优化设计，以期能对农村公路施工的生态保障进行动态优化和管理。     

九峰城市森林保护区景观生态评价

选择描述因子与因子叠加相结合的方法,从坡度、郁闭度、敏感性、可达性、景观利用条件5个单项因子进行分析,根据因子对生态影响的权重关系分别打分,最后叠加得出景观环境优劣情况及景观环境容量。根据分析结果划分保护区内需要恢复、保护、改造及开发的区域,以期供进一步规划借鉴和参考。     

茂兰国家级自然保护区水族现代村规民约中的生态保护因素分析

村规民约作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分,在我国历史上渊远流长.现代村规民约是村民根据法律规定并结合本村实际制定的自我管理、自我教育的规范。由于少数民族一般居住在较偏远的地区,法律法规意识相对薄弱,因此村规民约在他们的日常生产生活中非常重要。茂兰国家级自然保护区内少数民族人口占林区总人口的90%以上,其中水族约占总人口的12%。对茂兰国家级自然保护区内水族案例进行了分析,阐述了村规民约在生态保护中的作用。     

生态修复城市水系统研究进展

城市水系在维持城市的生态环境中占重要地位。由于经济利益的驱动,人们赖以生存的水环境发生了恶化。随着人们生态意识的觉醒,针对城市水系主要组成部分城市河道和景观水体的治理,产生了许多修复方法。